There Is A Big Secret Behind The Small Interface. You Need To Know These About The USB Interface.
Jul 26, 2019
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With the advancement of technology, electronic devices are constantly being updated, and the interfaces of electronic devices have changed accordingly. The most typical of these is the USB interface. From the previous USB 1.0 and 2.0 to today's USB 3.0 and USB 3.1, not only the form of the interface has undergone tremendous changes, but the speed of data transmission has also multiplied.There is no secret behind this small interface. Today, this article will introduce you to the USB interface we can see every day.
The core -- still the protocol
In fact, no matter how the interface of any device looks, it has nothing to do with the transmission speed. Some obsolete interfaces are eliminated mainly because the physical performance cannot meet the requirements of the new technology, but as far as the interface is concerned, it cannot determine the transmission performance. For example, the fast charging technology we know relies on the power management chip of processor SoC, which determines whether the charger will be charged at 5V, 9V or 12V, regardless of the transmission interface.
The USB protocol standard is now in its third generation. USB 1.0 was introduced in 1996 and has a speed of only 1.5Mb/s. In 1998, it was upgraded to USB 1.1, and the speed was greatly improved to 12Mb/s. USB 2.0 is upgraded from USB1.1, and the transmission rate reaches 480Mbps (60MB/s), which meets the rate requirements of most peripherals. The shape of USB 2.0 interface remains unchanged, and it is downward compatible with usb1.0/1.1. Most USB ports we see in our daily life are adopted USB 2.0 protocol.
The latest USB 3.0 protocol is an updated version of USB 2.0, also known as "USB SuperSpeed". As the name implies, USB 3.0 is very fast, with a theoretical data transfer rate of 5.0Gb/s, nearly 10 times that of USB 2.0. USB 3.0 interface downward compatible with USB 2.0/1.1/1.0. USB3.1 is the latest standard. Compared with USB 3.0, USB3.1 USES a more efficient data encoding system, which again doubles the transmission speed to 10.0Gb/s. In addition, it supports downward compatibility with existing USB connectors and cables.
Interface -- A, B, C take turns
The relationship between interface and protocol is like the relationship between bottle and wine, the interface is like the bottle, and the protocol is the wine inside. In other words, USB interface is just a physical interface, and the protocol adopted is just a choice.
In the era of USB 2.0, Micro usb-interface, which is actually a Micro branch of USB type-b interface, is widely used in electronic devices due to its smaller size and more space saving compared with the previous generation of Mini USB interface. In 2009, the ITU itu-t group 5 (SG5) plenum adopted a plan for chargers and power adapters, and since then, Micro usb-b has become the standard interface for most mobile phones and computers. In addition, the little-known USB type-b is actually quite common on devices such as printers. And USB type-a interface is used in our common USB disk, our computer USB interface is also type-a.
In the USB 3.0 era, more and more of the well-known USB type-c ports are found on mobile devices and tablets. One may wonder where USB type-a and USB type-b have gone. The most common device for USB type-b is the printer interface, just as it was in the USB 2.0 era. As for the miniaturization of USB type-b -- Micro USB, as early as the launch of USB 3.1 standard, some manufacturers have launched Micro usb-interface phones, and the manufacturer is samsung, which applied USB 3.0 standard Micro usb-interface on samsung S5 and Note4. In addition, most of today's portable hard drives use Micro usb-ports. Unlike USB 2.0's Micro usb-port, the 3.0 Micro usb-port is two small ports, which is quite different from the previous generation in appearance. As for the USB type-a, it doesn't look much different from the USB type-a of the 2.0 era, except for the stitching changes.
That is to say, USB type-a and USB type-b are the standard interfaces on USB protocol, which have been applied in the era of 2.0 and 3.0. Micro USB, which is common on our mobile phones, is A branch of USB type-b. And the latest USB Type - C is 3.1 times of the new product, it is actually a reaction of user requirements, volume small, the positive and negative double plug, a multi-purpose let it has received the unprecedented attention, and truly let shewing USB Type - C is the power of USB 3.1 standard, to say the USB Type - C is born for USB 3.1 standard, support 10 GBPS data transmission, the power of 100 w transmission (need PD support, PowerDelivery), 4-channel DisplayPort video transmission, MHL 3.2 audio and video transmission specifications, etc., when USB type-c interface is popularized in the future, our display, U disk, data cable, power supply and other interfaces can be completely unified by USB type-c, and we will not be overwhelmed by all kinds of interfaces any more.
Thunder 3 and USB type-c
Mentioned above, USB 3.1 is a standard protocol, and USB Type doesn't matter - C interface, so the custom developed by Intel, apple, thunder and lightning to participate in the cooperation agreement to compatible USB Type - C interface, so that although is a USB Type - C interface, but the lining is very different, lightning 3 protocol can not only realize the USB 3.1 most of the functionality, and lightning 3 highest rate of 40 GBPS, 4 times that of USB 3.1 rate, so that an external two 5 k resolution monitors, Two RAID arrays can read and write data effortlessly using the lightning 3 protocol USB type-c interface.
Future trend of device interface development
Though the USB Type - in the form of C interface presents a promising, but there are many people at the failure it, investigate its reason is compatibility, although the USB Type - C can use USB 3.1 standard, but does not mean that it must be 3.0 standard, many vendors to consider the problem such as security, still use 2.0 standard was a generation ago, it make the advantage of USB Type - C interface, this is especially need consumer attention, when buying equipment carefully screened. In addition, USB type-c interface is still a new thing after all, and it is not compatible with some existing devices and accessories. Because of the openness and flexibility of USB type-c interface, it also brings some security problems. When facing BadUSB vulnerability, it is easy to be attacked on a large scale.
It can be predicted that the type-c interface can only be popularized on a few devices at present, but for some "conventional" industries, such as printers, mobile hard drives and other devices, type-c interface may be insufficient. As a result, we won't see a unified interface for some time, but at least in our consumer devices, this trend is inevitable and will happen soon.
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